Luego de terminar de leer por segunda vez esta obra, me inclino ante la otra gran cuna del pensamiento: la Grecia antigua. En particular, quiero detenerme en unas líneas inmortales del Canto V de La Odisea, ese poema que, como ha señalado el gran pensador Emilio Lledó, contiene —ya en el siglo VIII a. C (2800 años atrás).— la primera gran proclamación literaria del Humanismo en nuestra cultura occidental.
After finishing this work for the second time, I bow before another great cradle of thought: ancient Greece. In particular, I wish to pause on a few immortal lines from Book V of The Odyssey—that poem which, as the great thinker Emilio Lledó has noted, already in the 8th century BCE (some 2800 years ago) holds the first great literary proclamation of Humanism in our Western culture.
There, among verses laden with sea and destiny, something extraordinary occurs: Odysseus—the cunning one, the wanderer, the man marked by nostalgia for Ithaca—rejects the most coveted gift among mortals: immortality. Calypso, the nymph who offers him a perpetual Eden on the island of Ogygia, promises him eternity in exchange for forgetting. But he, in a gesture of profound humanity—an ontological gesture, a prohairesis—chooses to return. He chooses his homeland, his home, his mortal and suffering flesh.
That moment is not merely a point in the plot; it is a revelation. There, Odysseus becomes human—anthrōpeuesthai—and fully embraces his condition as a finite being, his doom and his glory. He prefers the pain of days, the fleetingness of love, the certainty of death… over an eternity without land, without Penelope, without Telemachus, without his father… without identity.
Is this not a mirror of our own human condition? To be human is to accept the wound of finitude, the brief joy, the inevitable loss. To long for eternal life is, in a way, to deny the very meaning of life itself. Only those who embrace the flesh and the fall, time and its wound, can fully experience what it means to live… to dwell in this world as deeply human, as Nietzsche would say.
Odysseus does not forget who he is. And neither should we.
EXCERPT from Book V:
“Son of Laertes, born from noble lineage, Odysseus, master of cunning, do you truly wish to depart at once to your home and native land? Go, then, and fare well. But if you only knew how many sorrows fate will pile upon you before you reach your homeland, you would stay here with me and guard this house. You would become immortal, despite your longing to see your wife—whom you yearn for every single day. I am not inferior to her, I dare say, neither in stature nor in beauty; for it is not fitting that mortal women should rival the immortals in form or face.”
And the wise Odysseus replied:
“Goddess revered, do not be angered with me. I know full well that Penelope, wise though she is, cannot match your beauty or stature when seen face to face. For she is mortal, and you, immortal and ageless. Still, every day I long to return home and see the day of my return. Should any god strike me upon the wine-dark sea, I will endure it in my chest with patient spirit. For I have already suffered much, both in war and at sea. Let this come, as may follow what has come before.”

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